International Debt

話說自從嬸嬸送我們果汁機以後

一早起來打兩杯

濃稠純黑糖黃豆奶and

100%蔬果汁成為一種期待

生活還是要時時保鮮比較健康

隨時保持期待的心情是種幸福:)

芝加哥模聯倒數100天這次我們政大代表將扮演比利時
哈我對比利時印象一直不多卻正面 這是大家常忽略的歐盟強國!
國家格言：團結就是力量
Eendracht maakt macht（荷蘭語）
L'union fait la force（法語）
Einigkeit macht stark（德語）
三種官方語言令人印象深刻!!
比利時以藝術、建築、啤酒、食物以及巧克力聞名天下。
有趣的是, 比利時人酷愛薯條(本來超想問洗倍的朋友Hanalore)
(NATO總部&號稱歐盟首都的布魯塞爾,
北部的安特衛普為歐洲第二大港&鑽石之都。名人有雨果和奧黛麗·赫本)

讓我最想玩的是與貧窮密切相關的國際債務主題
與其說其單單是討論國際資金流向 不如說是鑑往知來 跨文化道德各層面的現象
準備不很順利 贊助也很難拉 看來想拿學校補助去玩是要付出代價的
幸好培訓和第二階段篩選延到9/2~4 沒有卡到學生大使的Orientation和兩天受訓營9/9~11
就算只是好奇想藉機了解各國金融體系 還是要加油

Topic B: International Debt Crisis連結資料庫未完成:

針對IMF, World Bank, 歐盟, 比利時外交部發言稿這些資源一番整理後

其他就多看看囉
Debt overview http://www.eurodad.org/debt/?id=110

最近發現許多世界級教授的網站都很詳細
http://webhost.bridgew.edu/jhayesboh/index.htm 這位地理及咖啡專家
提供 氣候地理戰爭等許多議題的討論空間 , 以下是有關國際債務的部分
http://webhost.bridgew.edu/jhayesboh/debt.htm

International Debt ReliefJames Hayes-Bohanan, Ph.D.
material from February, 2002 or earlierSlight revisions January 2007

Some men rob you with a six gun; others with a fountain pen. (Woody Guthrie)This page includes materials related to my presentation, "Global Recession and the Future of Debt Relief," which I presented in February 2002 as part of the Earth Sciences and Geography Club Lecture Series.
The page was originally prepared as a supplement to my March 2, 2001 presentation entitled "The Effects of International Debt on International Development." The presentation was part of a workshop series entitled How Two-Thirds of the World Lives: Teaching About International Development Issues at Clark University Teachers Center for Global Studies in Worcester, Massachusetts. (See PowerPoint version of the talk and Excel file containing country data.)

The following U.S. debt and GNP figures can be used to put the debt figures in perspective. The U.S. has a total debt of approximately $6 trillion with a GNP of $8 trillion. Most of the U.S. debt is internal, so these numbers are probably not the best to use for direct comparisons. For further comparisons, I recommend the external debt rankings (note that you need to add six zeros to the figures in this table) and the GDP per capita rankings, both available from geographic.com.
General ResourcesEconomics Professor Harry Cleaver at the University of Texas provides an exhaustive bibliography for his course, Political Economy of International Crisis.
My 1999 Jubilee 2000 talk, in which I described the religious origins of the Jubilee movement and the growing support (at that time) for the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative.
The IMF web site and the World Bank web sites contain a lot of information from the point of view of the institutions that make most of the decisions about debt repayment. Particularly important is the original HIPC proposal from IMF.
Jubilee 2000 Coalition is a British NGO that mobilized religious and political support for debt relief in 1999 and 2000. Its analysis of President Clinton’s proposal regarding unilateral debt relief is still relevant background.
Summary statistics from J2000 is a clear presentation of debt-related statistics by country, but it is no longer the most current information.
Policy papers from Oxfam describe the shortcomings of recent international aid efforts, among other issues.
Odious Debts is an excellent book on the debt crisis. A summary, ordering information, and the complete text are available.
Structural Adjustment -- a Major Cause of Poverty describes how structural adjustment policies (SAPs) serve the interests of consumers and commerce in wealthy nations.
Walden Bello's Reaganism and Rollback examines connections between World Bank/IMF policies and Ronald Reagan's economic agenda. It includes some details of the 1980s Baker Plan.
s11 originated around the September 11, 2000 protests of the World Economic Forum in Melbourne. Its web site has evolved so that it serves as a clearinghouse for anti-globalism activities throughout the world. This movement has no relationship to the Sept. 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center in New York.
President for a Day provides information about a CD-ROM simulation of the choices faced by a hypothetical African president. I have a beta version of the CD for BSC people who are interested in previewing it.
Learn more about population and landscape change in the Amazon region at my Rondônia Web.
Post-September 11 ResourcesThe following links were used to prepare my talk, Global Recession and the Future of Debt Relief, presented as part of the Bridgewater State College Earth Sciences and Geography Lecture Series on February 5, 2002. These links relate to changes in the world debt situation in the context of global recession (which actually began a bit before September 11) and changing priorities among donor countries.
In To Start a Corner Shop You Need Two Roads,Ethel Hazelhurst explains how the current structures of global trade and debt relief limit the development potential of the neediest countries.
Debt Relief from Global Policy Forum provides access to a number of relevant analyses.
Abolish the debt to free the development, by Eric Toussaint and Arnaud Zacharie, makes an historical case for complete debt cancellation.
Jubilee Plus (the successor of J2000) is now calling to end the HIPC process.
The Business Recorder article "Debt relief will give fiscal space" details the concessions Pakistan has negotiated in conjunction with its cooperation in the war against the Taliban. A press release from the Paris Club details the part of the package negotiated with that organization.
The Guardian reported in November 2001 that "the International Monetary Fund has called on the world's richest countries to boost aid budgets and debt relief efforts to prevent the gathering downturn in the global economy pushing millions more people in the developing world into abject poverty."
Tanzania was the first country to reach its HIPC targets following September 11. Jubilee 2000 argues that the process did not do enough to stabilize Tanzania's debt, partly because the terms of the IMF settlement were calculated prior to September 11, even though they took effect later. Meanwhile, global recession had reduced Tanzania's flow of foreign exchange.
James K. Galbraith, writing in the American Prospect in October 2001, describes "A War Economy... But without the Usual Wartime Stimulus?"
Think Again: Debt Relief by William Easterly (a World Bank consultant) was published at the end of 2001 by Foreign Policy. Easterly argues that debt forgiveness might actually harm some of the poorest people it is intended to help.

現在找資料已經不在乎語言和繁簡了 抓老鼠的就好貓囉

国际债务的产生原因
（一）弥补储蓄缺口的需要
（二）满足大量进口的需要
（三）资金借贷融通是收入再分配的一种形式
国际债务的风险指标
债务清偿率
债务清偿率是指债务国还本付息总额占出口收入的比重。用公式表示为：
债务清偿率=（当年还本付息额/当年商品劳务出口收汇额）×100%
负债率
负债率是指一国当年外债余额与GNP之比。
债务率
债务率是指一国的当年外债余额与当年贸易和非贸易外汇收入额之比。债务率是指一国的当年外债余额与当年贸易和非贸易外汇收入额之比。
短期债务比率
短期债务比率是指在外债余额中一年期和一年以内的短期债务所占的比重。
利息清偿率
利息清偿率是指付息额与出口收入之间的比率，它可以较为准确地反映对外债务流动性状况。
（一）债务危机爆发的内因
1、外债增长快，债务规模大
2、外债管理上不够稳健
3、国内经济政策失误
4、债务结构不合理
（二）债务危机爆发的外因
1、严重的经济衰退。
2、紧缩性货币政策。
3、石油冲击。
国际债务危机爆发的原因
债务危机的解决方案
贝克计划
布雷迪计划
密特郎方案
债务互换